恒星光谱和元素丰度、 恒星核合成、银河系结构与化学演化、实验室天体物理、系外行星
赵刚，天文学家,长期从事实测天体物理领域的研究，在天体化学丰度、银河系形成与演化、太阳系外行星和实验室天体物理等方面做出了重要学术成就。中国科学院院士，发展中国家科学院院士，中国科学院国家天文台研究员、博士生导师。曾任中国天文学会理事长、北京天文学会理事长，现任LAMOST科学委员会主任，国际天文学联合会“近邻宇宙”科学组委会委员。
他与合作者建立了大样本贫金属矮星高分辨光谱观测样本，完成其化学丰度的系统性定量分析；给出中性氢原子碰撞对谱线影响的新公式；在搜寻宇宙第一代超大质量恒星和极端贫金属星、重现银河系并合形成历史和揭秘锂起源及演化等重大科学问题上取得重要突破；率先在国内开展太阳系外行星的搜寻与观测研究；与光物理学家合作在中国开辟实验室天体物理研究新方向。研究成果曾入选中国科学十大进展，并多次获评中国年度十大天文科技进展。曾主持国家自然科学基金杰出青年项目、创新研究群体项目、重大项目、国家重点研发计划项目等，目前担任国家自然科学基金卓越研究群体项目负责人。曾先后获得中国青年科学家奖、国家自然科学奖二等奖（第一完成人）、何梁何利科学与技术进步奖、黄润乾天体物理基础研究奖、求是杰出科技成就集体奖、中国科学院杰出科技成就奖、陈嘉庚科学奖等。
1. Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang*; Liu, Zheng-Wei; Heger, Alexander; Han, Zhan-Wen; Aoki, Wako; Chen, Yu-Qin; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Li, Hai-Ning; Zhao, Jing-Kun, A metal-poor star with abundances from a pair-instability supernova, Nature, 2023, 618, 7966, 712
2. Zhao, Gang*; Chen, Yuqin, Low-α metal-rich stars with sausage kinematics in the LAMOST survey: Are they from the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus galaxy? Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2021, 64, 3, 239562
3. Alexeeva, Sofya; Zhao, Gang*; Gao, Dong-Yang; Du, Junju; Li, Aigen; Li, Kai; Hu, Shaoming, Spectroscopic evidence for a large spot on the dimming Betelgeuse, Nature Communications, 2021, 12, 4719
4. Yan, Hong-Liang; Zhou, Yu-Tao; Zhang, Xianfei; Li, Yaguang; Gao, Qi; Shi, Jian-Rong*; Zhao, Gang*; Aoki, Wako; Matsuno, Tadafumi; Li, Yan; Xu, Xiao-Dong; Li, Haining; Wu, Ya-Qian; Jin, Meng-Qi; Mosser, Benoit; Bi, Shao-Lan; Fu, Jian-Ning; Pan, Kaike; Suda, Takuma; Liu, Yu-Juan Zhao, Jing-Kun; Liang, Xi-Long, Most lithium-rich low-mass evolved stars revealed as red clump stars by asteroseismology and spectroscopy, Nature Astronomy, 2021, 5, 86-93
5. Kumar, Yerra Bharat*; Reddy, Bacham E.; Campbell, Simon W.; Maben, Sunayana; Zhao, Gang*; Ting, Yuan-Sen., Discovery of ubiquitous lithium production in low-mass stars, Nature Astronomy, 2020, 4, 1059-1063
6. Xing, Qian-Fan*; Zhao, Gang*; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi, Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement, Nature Astronomy, 2019, 3, 631
7. Yan, Hong-Liang; Shi, Jian-Rong*; Zhou, Yu-Tao; Chen, Yong-Shou; Li, Er-Tao; Zhang, Suyalatu; Bi, Shao-Lan; Wu, Ya-Qian; Li, Zhi-Hong; Guo, Bing; Liu, Wei-Ping; Gao, Qi; Zhang, Jun-Bo; Zhou, Ze-Ming; Li, Hai-Ning; Zhao, Gang*, The nature of the lithium enrichment in the most Li-rich giant star, Nature Astronomy, 2018, 2, 790
8. Zhao, G.*, Mashonkina, L.*, Yan, H. L., Alexeeva, S., Kobayashi, C., Pakhomov, Yu., Shi, J. R., Sitnova, T., Tan, K. F., Zhang, H. W., Zhang, J. B., Zhou, Z. M., Bolte, M., Chen, Y. Q., Li, X., Liu, F., Zhai, M., Systematic Non-LTE Study of the -2.6≤[Fe/H]≤0.2 F and G dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood. II. Abundance Patterns from Li to Eu, 2016, ApJ, 833, 225
9. Zhao, Gang; Zhao, Yong-Heng; Chu, Yao-Quan; Jing, Yi-Peng; Deng, Li-Cai*, LAMOST spectral survey - An overview, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2012, 12, 723
10. Zhong, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Dong, Q.; Xiao, C.; Wang, S.; Liu, X.; Zhang, L.; An, L.; Wang, F.; Zhu, J.; Gu, Y.; He, X.; Zhao, G.*; Zhang, J.*, Modelling loop-top X-ray source and reconnection outflows in solar flares with intense lasers, Nature Physics, 2010, 6,12, 984
11. Zhao, Gang*; Chen, Yu-Qin; Shi, Jian-Rong; Liang, Yan-Chun; Hou, Jin-Liang; Chen, Li; Zhang, Hua-Wei; Li, Ai-Gen, Stellar Abundance and Galactic Chemical Evolution through LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey, Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2006, 6, 265
12. Zhao, G.; Butler, K.; Gehren, T., Non-LTE analysis of neutral magnesium in the solar atmosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1998, 333, 219
13. Zhao, G.; Magain, P., Abundances of neutron capture elements in metal-poor dwarfs. I - Yttrium and zirconium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1991, 244, 425
14. Zhao, G.; Magain, P., The chemical composition of the extreme halo stars. II. Green spectra of 20 dwarfs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1990, 238, 242